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- WORLD, Page 37A Revolution's Unlikely Spark
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- By John Greenwald
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- As pastor of the Hungarian Reformed Church in the
- Transylvanian city of Timisoara, the Rev. Laszlo Tokes seemed
- an unlikely figure to spark a revolution. But Tokes, 37,
- possessed a sharp tongue at a time when that attribute was rare
- in Rumania. Not only did he lash out against the tyrannical
- regime in Bucharest, but he even accused Hungarian Reformed
- Church leaders of collaborating with communist authorities.
-
- No cause aroused Tokes's wrath more than the plight of his
- fellow 1.7 million ethnic Hungarians, who make up 8% of the
- Rumanian population and are concentrated in Transylvania, the
- country's westernmost region. Long a center of ethnic
- turbulence, Transylvania passed from Hungary to Rumania in 1918,
- after World War I. The region reverted to Hungary in 1940, and
- was ceded back to Rumania in 1944. Ethnic Hungarian leaders
- charge Bucharest with attempting "cultural genocide" by shutting
- ethnic schools, dissolving Hungarian communities and seizing
- historical archives. Some 18,000 ethnic Hungarians fled Rumania
- last year.
-
- Tokes ran afoul of authorities last August in an outspoken
- interview with Hungarian television. Among other things, he
- attacked Bucharest's plan to raze up to 8,000 villages and
- resettle their residents in high-rise apartment complexes. Some
- 50,000 ethnic Hungarians would be relocated in the program,
- which has brought denunciations from international human rights
- groups and strained relations with the Budapest government.
-
- Denied a ration book by the state after the broadcast,
- Tokes was unable to buy bread, meat or fuel. Parishioners who
- tried to bring him provisions were confronted by police. The
- pastor was barred from meeting relatives, and his telephone was
- shut off. In a surreal form of harassment, authorities
- occasionally turned on the phone to deliver threats to Tokes,
- then billed him for the calls at long-distance rates. To protect
- his four-year-old son, Tokes sent the boy to live with
- relatives.
-
- In November four masked thugs broke into the apartment
- where Tokes lived with his pregnant wife, and they beat and
- stabbed the minister. Two friends who were visiting Tokes helped
- fight off the attackers. In a smuggled videotape made last fall,
- a haggard Tokes showed clear signs of strain. "They've broken
- our windows every day," he said. "Now they've started breaking
- them in the church as well. Our friends sleep here now. The
- nights are terrible."
-
- Threats of violence were just part of Tokes's troubles.
- Church officials tried to transfer him to a less volatile parish
- in southern Rumania. When Tokes refused, Bishop Laszlo Papp
- accused the pastor of "violating the laws of both church and
- state" and obtained a court order for his eviction. But hundreds
- of supporters formed a human chain around Tokes's building to
- protect him, thus triggering the crackdown that helped inspire
- the nationwide demonstrations that toppled Nicolae Ceausescu.
-
- Tokes and his wife were taken into custody, present
- whereabouts unknown. After Ceausescu's fall, Rumanian television
- said Tokes was alive and well and "calling on people not to give
- up their fight for freedom." The once obscure minister has
- already joined the ranks of Eastern Europe's foremost fighters
- for liberty. Wrote Solidarity leader Lech Walesa in an open
- letter to Tokes last week: "I honestly admire your activity in
- a country oppressed by dictatorship. Even prison walls will not
- be able to hide what is noble and good from the eyes of the
- world."
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